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    • 专利摘要:
    An intelligent fiber cable (1) (11) and carbon nanotube fibers (8) includes a polymer structure (7) composed of two separate concentric tubes, which generate a perimeter cavity (5) between the two tubes and a cavity central (6) inside the smaller tube (3). The perimetral cavity (5) can have polymeric separation elements in radial arrangement (4) joining the two tubes and forming several perimetric cavities (5). In the perimetral cavities (5) fibers of carbon nanotubes (8) are housed and in the central cavity (6) one or more fiber optic cables (11). The polymer structure (7) protects and insulates the fibers of carbon nanotubes (8) and fibers or optical fibers (11), also provides compression resistance while the fibers of carbon nanotubes (8) provide tensile strength. The cable or fiber optic cables (11) function as data transmitters and the fibers of carbon nanotubes (8) as electrical conductors. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2632247A2
    申请号:ES201630287
    申请日:2016-03-11
    公开日:2017-09-12
    发明作者:Jorge GARCÍA GUERRERO
    申请人:Jorge GARCÍA GUERRERO；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    INTELLIGENT CABLE OF OPTICAL FIBER and CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS
    SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE
    The present invention is a cable that combines nanotechnology with optical technology, more particularly combining carbon nanotube fibers with optical fibers. Optical fibers
    10 as data carriers, specifically as a communication conductor, and carbon nanotube fibers as energy carriers, specifically as an electrical conductor. This cable feeds devices and turns out to be applicable mainly in residential and tertiary sector buildings, and develops urban and interurban networks.
    15 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    In most of the twentieth century, copper has been the most used material in electronic and telecommunication applications, thanks to its excellent electrical conductivity and ease of voice and data transmission.
    20 In the year 1970, the Investigators Rober! Maurer, Donald Keck and Peter Schultz of the Coming Glass company, designed a fiber optic cable called "Light Conductor" (patent number 3,711,262), capable of carrying 65,000 times more information than copper wire, through the which information carried by a pattern of light waves could
    25 decode in a destination that was even thousands of kilometers away.
    From this design a competition between electrical and optical communication begins. Every minute that has passed since then until today has gone to the benefit of optical communication.
    Now, given the growing demand for electricity and the continuous increase in copper prices, due to the shortage of this material, it is necessary to find new conductive materials that help meet our need for electricity. At present, many applications and electronic devices begin to require features that the
    35 copper does not have, for example, lighter materials.
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    In 1987, he was issued a U.S. patent. to Howard G. Tennent of Hyperion Catalysis, for the production of "discrete carbon cylindrical fibrils", with a diameter of between 3.5 and about 70 nanometers, a length 102 the diameter, an outer order of the essentially continuous multilayer region of ordered carbon atoms, and a distinct inner core.
    In 2006, an article written by Marc Monthioux and VJadimir Kuznetsov in the "Carbon Journal" describes the interesting and often erroneous origin of carbon nanotubes. A high percentage of university students and popular literature attributes the discovery of hollow carbon tubes composed of graphite to Sumio lijima of NEC in 1991.
    Even so, it is clear that carbon nanotubes were discovered in 1952 by Russian scientists Radushkevich and Lukyanovich; However, its discovery went unnoticed because it was published in Russia during the Cold War.
    These two discoveries induce the development of the invention that concerns us and is explained below.
    . EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    The unstoppable development of cities to become smart cities, betting on an intelligent model of management and control of resources and services, improving sustainability objectives and thus reducing CO2 emissions, implies an efficient, inclusive and global technological evolution in their multiple facets An important factor, for an effective achievement of smart cities, is to base the technological foundations, simplifying and integrating the devices and elements that compose it. Therefore it is necessary to transform the infrastructure. In this way we will achieve greater efficiency of the superstructure in terms of energy and telecommunications, that is, in terms of new technologies.
    This invention integrates in a single cable, information and energy, agglutinating and synthesizing the data network and the electricity network, promoting Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). The competition between optical and electrical communication disappears. The optical network will always be self-powered energy mind, eliminating previous deficiencies, while maintaining its potential as a data transmitter, without electromagnetic interference. All devices can be intelligent, providing all the
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    information on its operation in real time (use, wear, maintenance, failures, consumption), while providing the necessary electrical energy for its operation. With this the efficiency of the different devices is optimal.
    The cable of the invention unites two technologies, the transmission of data by means of optical fiber and the transport of energy by means of carbon nanotube fibers.
    A fiber optic transmission system has three basic components, the transmission medium or optical channel, the optical sources or photoemitter device and the optical detector or photodetector device. The optical sources are modulated by the signal that carries the information (LASER, LEO) and the optical detector extracts from the modulated optical carrier a signal almost equal to the input signal (PIN photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes). The data-related part of this invention focuses on the transmission medium as an information carrier for applications in secure and high-speed and capacity telecommunications links.
    As a means of transmission, the optical fiber is a guide of optical signals and has the particularity of being able to route the light through long rods of plastic or glass, even in a curvilinear path. Light travels through an internal reflection process. The core of the rod is more reflective than the material around it, which causes the light to continue to be reflected back to the center where you can continue your journey through the fiber. It consists of three parts, core, coating and primary coating. Normally they have a secondary protection that can be adjusted or loose, the baggy can be with a tube or with a grooved module.
    The optical fibers according to the mode of propagation inside the core can be single mode fibers that have a single mode of propagation of the rays inside the core, parallel to the axis of the optical fiber, or multimode fibers where light propagates in multiple ways that follow different paths. Depending on the variation of the index of refraction in the core, the optical fibers can be fibers with index jump (step Index) in which the index of refraction of the core is kept constant by varying the distance from the center of the fiber to the outside. , and fibers with index variation (graded index) in which the refractive index of the core varies as the distance from the center of the fiber to the outside varies. In the present invention all these types are contemplated.
    Currently, the data network formed by optical fibers of a large glass strand
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    purity and thickness of a hair, can send a signal of 565 Mbps / sec (7,680 channels
    telephone) at a distance of 80 km without any regeneration and with an average attenuation of 0.22 dB / km. With the intrinsic contribution of electrical energy the attenuation will be controlled and the signal regenerators will not have limitations in terms of location, significantly increasing the performance of the systems.
    The electricity grid, with carbon nanotube fibers as an electrical conductor, is transformed. These nanostructures, in addition to being one of the lightest and strongest materials known, are also excellent conductors of electricity. Carbon nanotube fibers with respect to copper weigh six times less, providing lightness in electronic applications and devices, are a thousand times stronger and are not as expensive if they are produced at large scales. Therefore they maintain the electrical conductivity of copper and improve in lightness, strength and flexibility.
    In addition, carbon nanotube fibers can be obtained from methane, not only offering a technology with less environmental impact than that related to the extraction of copper, but reducing greenhouse gases. The production of carbon nanotube fibers requires two main components, a source of carbon from which carbon atoms can be extracted, and catalyst particles that serve to begin the formation of nanotubes. The fiber manufacturing process requires that the carbon source be introduced into a gaseous state, thanks to this, greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (C02) can be used in the formation of this material .
    The carbon nanotube fibers considered in this invention are those obtained by any of the different procedures or methods for synthesizing carbon nanotubes: chemical vapor deposition (CVO), electric discharge arc, laser vaporization, Catalytic Synthesis, HiPCO.
    The CVO is a synthesis process in which they are introduced in an oven, which is located in its central part at a little more than 1000 degrees Celsius, carbon precursors and a catalyst in the gaseous state. When the precursor, which is a carbon-containing gas (for example methane), reaches the hottest part of the furnace, the gas molecules break down producing carbon atoms that begin to nuclear in the catalyst particles. Carbon atoms fit over these particles forming carbon nanotubes. The reaction forms a cloud of nanotubes that is transported to

    an area of the oven that is at a lower temperature. That's where the cloud
    It condenses and can begin to roll up in the form of fiber. Once the cloud has been rolled, it is removed from the oven and rolled continuously on a roller that rotates at a constant speed collecting the fiber. The resulting material is a very thin thread. The "thread" that comes out of the oven is the carbon nanotube fiber.
    The electric discharge arc consists of connecting two graphite bars with diameters from 0.5 to 40 mm to a power supply with a voltage of 20-50 V, separating them a few millimeters and operating a switch. When a spark of OC current of 50-120 A jumps between the bars and a base pressure of 400 torr of helium, the carbon evaporates in a hot plasma. Part of it is condensed again in the form of nanotubes.
    Laser vaporization consists in the bombardment of a graphite bar with intense laser pulses. Laser pulses are used instead of electricity to generate the hot carbon gas (1200 ° C) from which the nanotubes are formed. Several catalysts (Fe, Ca, Ni) can be used to achieve the right conditions and produce large quantities of single wall nanotubes.
    Other methods disperse the nanotubes in some liquid solution and then condense them in the form of fiber. Others synthesize nanotubes in the form of "folders" or "forests" and then roll them up to form the fibers.
    This fiber is made up of millions of nanotubes mainly oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber. Each thread has a diameter of a few micrometers (analogous to a tenth of a human hair). If we talk about a single nanotube (the nanostructure), then the dimensions are nanometers (more than 10,000 times thinner than a human hair). Wrapping several strands can form cables that, in addition to being very light and resistant, are conductors of electricity.
    The fiber condenses directly from the gas phase in which the nanotubes are formed. This allows a continuous production of the fiber, which is essential to be able to take the manufacture of this material to industrial scales.
    These two technologies, data transmission through optical fiber and energy transport using carbon nanotube fibers, are grouped in a polymeric structure configured by two concentric tubes, separated by a space where the fibers are housed.
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    of carbon nanotubes organized in one or several perimeter cavities. In this way, direct current or alternating current can be transported depending on the requirements. For example, the cable of a perimeter cavity can carry an alternating current phase or the flow or return of direct current; the cable with two perimeter cavities can transport the flow and return in direct current or two phases of alternating current; the three cavity cable can carry three phases of alternating current; The four perimeter cavity cable can carry direct current in round trip twice, and so on.
    In turn, the polymer structure forms another space inside the smaller tube that constitutes the central cavity. The optical fiber, the optical fibers or the optical fiber bundles are housed here. The number of optical fibers will depend on whether the smart cable is intended for domestic use, in this case it will normally contain a fiber intended for a device, or if the smart cable is intended for use in interior or exterior distribution of buildings or urban, in which case the number of optical fibers will be greater, depending on the layout of the distribution.
    This polymeric structure, as physical characteristics, provides resistance to compression, crushing and impact. In addition, the addition of carbon nanotube fibers provides tensile strength. All these properties greatly protect fiber optic cables and reduce the elements that provide these characteristics in a conventional cable. Therefore, the physical properties of the smart cable entail lightness, strength and flexibility that confer the structure and fibers of carbon nanotubes.
    The design of the cable cross-section allows the connectors to make the connection with the carbon nanotube fibers perpendicular to the cable section or through the outer sheath. According to the procedure, the connection with the optical fiber will normally be firstly independent of the connection with the carbon nanotube fibers that will be made subsequently as indicated above.
    In addition, the compilation of optical fibers and carbon nanotube fibers in a single cable reduces attenuation problems to a minimum since the optical signal can be recovered, whenever considered, by means of signal regeneration devices.
    With the smart cable, energy distribution is efficiently managed since each device provides all the information about its operation and energy needs in real time, achieving maximum optimization of use and more flexible electrical networks, which adapt to the demand. ICTs are applied to management, control and automation systems being more efficient and receiving data for optimal management. This will, in the area of sustainable growth, reduce emissions, a clean, efficient, non-polluting generation, and therefore a reduction in environmental impact.
    This invention transforms the infrastructure of cities, buildings and homes to make them intelligent, developing in a single cable maximum speed data transmission systems and new electrical networks satisfying the necessary requirements for the evolution of cities.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The present invention will be more readily understood from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
    Figure 1.- It is a sectional view of the polymer structure of an intelligent cable with a perimeter cavity to accommodate carbon nanotube fibers and a central cavity to accommodate one or more optical fibers;
    Figure 2.- It is a sectional view of the polymer structure of an intelligent cable with two equal perimeter cavities to accommodate carbon nanotube fibers and a central cavity to accommodate one or more optical fibers;
    Figure 3.- It is a sectional view of the polymer structure of an intelligent cable with three equal perimeter cavities to accommodate carbon nanotube fibers and a central cavity to accommodate one or more optical fibers;
    Figure 4.-It is a sectional view of the polymer structure of an intelligent cable with four equal perimeter cavities to accommodate carbon nanotube fibers and a central cavity to accommodate one or more optical fibers;
    Figure 5.-It is a perspective view of a carbon nanotube where the configuration of its structure is appreciated;
    Figure 6.-It is an isometric view of a carbon nanotube where the configuration of its structure is appreciated;
    Figure 7.-It is a sectional view showing the proportion of a fiber optic cable whose core is 9 IJm in diameter;
    Figure 8.-It is a sectional view showing the proportion of a fiber optic cable whose core is 50 IJm in diameter;
    Figure 9.-It is a sectional view showing the proportion of a fiber optic cable whose core is 62.5 IJm in diameter;
    Figure 10.-They are different sections that show possible configurations of the central cavity of an intelligent cable in terms of the number of optical fibers it can contain;
    Figure 11.- There are different sections that show possible configurations of the central cavity of an intelligent cable in terms of the number of loose tubes that it can contain;
    Figure 12.-They are different sections that show possible configurations that can have loose tubes that make up the central cavity of an intelligent cable in terms of the number of optical fibers it can contain:
    Figure 13.-They are different sections that show possible configurations that the optical fiber bundles that make up the central cavity of an intelligent cable can have in terms of the number of optical fibers it can contain;
    Figure 14.-They are different sections that show possible configurations of the central cavity of an intelligent cable in terms of the number of optical fibers that it can contain depending on the number of optical fiber bundles and the number of optical fibers that these contain:
    Figure 15.-It is a sectional view of an intelligent cable with three equal perimeter cavities where carbon nanotube fibers are housed, and a central cavity where an optical fiber is housed:
    Figure 16.- It is a sectional view of an intelligent cable with two equal perimeter cavities where carbon nanotube fibers are housed, and a central cavity where an optical fiber is housed with a third protection layer that is a loose tube;
    Figure 17.-It is a sectional view of an intelligent cable with three equal perimeter cavities where carbon nanotube fibers are housed, and a central cavity where eight optical fiber is housed;
    Figure 18.-It is a sectional view of an intelligent cable with three equal perimeter cavities where carbon nanotube fibers are housed, and a central cavity where seven loose tubes containing eight optical fibers each are housed;
    Figure 19.-It is a sectional view of an intelligent cable with three equal perimeter cavities where carbon nanotube fibers are housed, and a central cavity where fifteen optical fiber bundles containing seven optical fibers each are housed;
    Below is a list of the different elements represented in the figures that make up the invention:
    1 = Smart cable 2 = Tube of larger diameter 3 = Tube of smaller diameter 4 = Element in radial arrangement 5 = Perimeter cavity 6 = Central cavity 7 = Polymeric structure 8 = Carbon nanotube fibers 9 = Carbon nanotubes 10 = Atom of Carbon 11 = Fiber optic 12 = Beams of fiber optic 13 = Fiber optic core 14 = Coating 15 = Coating 16 = Polymeric layer 17 = Binder element 18 = Bagged tubes
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    19 = Central filling element 20 = Passive element 21 = Filling or reinforcing element 22 = Opening cord 23 = External extension of the radially arranged element
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    Now, reference will be made in detail to the most relevant aspects of the present disclosure illustrated in the attached drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference number of the drawings will be used to refer to the same element.
    An intelligent cable (1) includes two concentric tubes, a larger diameter tube (2) and another smaller diameter tube (3), with equal or different thicknesses, separated from each other; United
    or not by radially arranged elements (4) with respect to the center of the larger diameter tube (2) and the smaller diameter tube (3), usually of the same thickness as the larger diameter tube (2) OR than the tube of smaller diameter (3), forming an angle of separation between its axes and thus generating perimeter cavities (5) equal or not, comprised of the tube of greater diameter (2), the tube of smaller diameter (3) and the elements in radial arrangement (4); In addition, a central cavity (6) is generated located on the axis of the cable and bounded by the smaller diameter tube (3).
    Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show that the tube of greater diameter (2), the tube of smaller diameter (3) and, if they are part of the composition, the radially arranged elements (4) that join the tube of larger diameter (2) and the smaller diameter tube (3) form a whole, usually of the same material, which constitutes the structure (7) of the smart cable (1). The structure (7) can be of a polymeric material of the so-called thermoplastics, for example ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) type, polyethylene terephthalate polyester (PET), polyisobutylene (PIS), high density polyethylene (HDPE), polyamide (PA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether imide (PEI), polyether sulfone (PSU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyolefin (TPO), etc.
    The structure (7) reinforces the intelligent cable (1) to compression, absorbs mechanical shocks and provides additional protection against excessive bends. It also encloses and protects the contents of the tube of smaller diameter (3) and the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) from possible damage, and may include fire retardant properties in some
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    element or some of the elements that compose it or in its entirety, so that it does not swell or spread the flame or fire. The diameters and thicknesses of the components of the structure (7) will vary depending on the final application.
    The smaller diameter tube (3) is insulating, it may or may not be adjusted to the contents although it is usually a loose tube, it may include a fiber optic cable (11), several loose fiber optic cables (11), a loose tube ( 18) or several loose tubes (18) containing one or more optical fibers (11), a beam (12) or several bundles of optical fibers (12) that will normally be responsible for transporting data. It can also include filler fibers (21) that are aramid fibers and glass fibers with a diameter that can range from 5 to 10 microns to adjust the contents of the smaller diameter tube (3) and to inhibit water migration.
    The larger diameter tube (2) forms the outer cover of the smart cable (1). This larger diameter tube (2) can be flame retardant if necessary, thus including aluminum trihydrate, antimony trioxide or other additives to improve flame resistance. By varying the thickness of the larger diameter tube (2), or the outer shell, the crush resistance, impact resistance and flame retardation are altered.
    In order to favor the partial mechanical cutting of the outer cover (2) and thus be able to easily connect with the contents of the perimeter cavities (5) with different devices, the arcs between 105 elements in radial arrangement (4) can have a thickness less than the smaller diameter tube (3) and the radially arranged elements (4).
    Optionally, the elements in radial arrangement (4), can protrude from the tube cover of larger diameter (2), in order to identify the location of the perimeter cavities (5) from the outside of the smart cable (1) And to be able to face cables or connectors and make the assembly effectively (23). Figure 16 shows a detail.
    The larger diameter tube (2) may have a melting point smaller than the smaller diameter tube (3), consequently the smaller diameter tube (3) does not melt like the larger diameter tube (2). In this way, even if there is a deterioration by flame of the larger diameter tube (2) and the contents of the cavities (5), the smaller diameter tube
    (3) and the contents of the central cavity (6) will not be affected. So, if the smart cable
    (one) If there is no electricity supply, this information can be transmitted through a fiber
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    optics (11) of the central cavity (6). In such a way, the smaller diameter tube (3) can
    have a melting point lower than the coatings and coatings, usually polymeric films, of the fiber optic cable (11), of the loose fiber optic cables (11), of the loose tube (18) or of the loose tubes (18) containing one or more optical fibers (11), the bundle (12) or the optical fiber bundles (12) it contains, this will serve to inhibit adhesion between the lining of the smaller diameter tube (3) and the cable fiber optics (11), loose fiber optic cables (11), loose tube (18) or loose tubes (18) containing one or more optical fibers (11), beam (12) or fiber bundles optical (12).
    The perimeter cavities (5) generated by the larger diameter tube (2), the smaller diameter tube (3) may include fibers formed by carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube fibers (8) or graphene nanocinls, that will be responsible for transporting electricity. In addition, they may include an opening cord (22), graphed in Figure 16, to facilitate the opening of the perimeter cavities (5). And they may also include a binder material that fixes the position of the fibers and prevents the penetration of
    humidity.
    In figures 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, it can be seen how the perimeter cavities (5) of the structure (7) of the smart cable (1) are filled with carbon nanotube fibers (8) that provide electrical conductivity and they provide mechanical tensile strength to the smart cable (1). Carbon nanotube fibers (8) surround the smaller diameter tube (3) with the interruptions of the elements in radial arrangement (4).
    Figures 8 and 9 represent a carbon nanotube SWNT (9) which is a monolayer tube of carbon atoms (10) that are closely linked in a three-dimensional network. The carbon nanotube (9) is an extremely strong material due to the carbon-carbon bonds digging lenses. It is desirable to use carbon nanotubes (9) that are free of defects, the presence of defects reduces the conductivity and resistance of the carbon nanotube (9). The intrinsic flawless force of a carbon nanotube (9) is 42 Nm -1, making it one of the strongest materials known. The strength of carbon nanotubes (9) is comparable to the hardness of diamonds. The carbon nanotubes (9) have internal diameters of the order of 100 nm-200 nm. By rotating nanotube solutions in a superacid in different coagulants, a carbon nanotube fiber (8) is formed.
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    Carbon nanotube fibers (8) comprise a plurality of carbon single-walled (SWNT), double-walled (DWNT) and / or multi-walled (MWNT) carbon nanotubes densely packed and aligned along the axial direction of carbon nanotube fibers (8).
    Carbon nanotubes (9) have excellent electrical properties that depend on ballistic transport, but there are factors that hinder these properties such as structural defects developed in synthesis processes and physical distortions caused by strong mechanical forces. Conductivity has been experimentally recorded in carbon nanotubes (9) of a single wall (SWNT) of the order of 106 S / cm and of the order of 2 x 105 S / cm for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), at room temperature. These records are far superior to the conductivity of copper set at 5.80 x 105 S / cm, making carbon nanotubes (9) substitute for traditional conductive materials (copper, aluminum) since they even have conductivity values higher than silver which is 6.28 x 105 S / cm. Therefore, depending on the purity and defects of the carbon nanotubes (9) it can be established that the conductivity ranges around 105, 106 and 107 or more can be optimal to replace traditional conductors.
    The carbon nanotube fibers (8) can have different diameters depending on the number of carbon nanolubes, in the case of a single wall (SWNT) (9) they can be, for example 40 to 400 microns in diameter, and have Carbon nanolubes (9) of densities of approximately 50% to 100% and preferably 70% to 100% of the theoretical maximum density of carbon nanotubes (9).
    Also, the carbon nanotube fibers (8) may comprise a dense plurality of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT), multi-layer carbon nanotubes (MWNT), graphene nanocins, and / or carbon nanofibers in addition to, or instead of, the SWNTs (9). Therefore the fibers (8) can be formed of other carbon nanomaterials.
    The coatings in the carbon nanotube fibers (8) can be of great importance, they can be formed by cesium iodide (CSI), hafnium carbide (HFC), titanium carbide (TiC), lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6), or boron nitride (BN). Other materials can also be used as coatings to reduce the work function and improve the performance and efficiency of carbon nanotube fibers (8).
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    The coatings can be applied by pulsed laser deposition or other methods. In certain cases, the effectiveness of coated SWNT fibers with respect to uncoated SWNT fibers is demonstrated, admitting a current
    5 major electric.
    Carbon nanotube fibers (8) can be joined with a variety of conductive materials. The volume of carbon nanotube fibers (8), which will contain the cavity or perimeter cavities (5), will be calculated to carry the electrical requirements that
    10 are required and defined.
    The central cavity (6) of the structure (7) of the smart cable (1) of the present invention can have different configurations and its diameter will depend on its content.
    Figure 10 shows different compositions of the interior of the central cavity (6) in terms of loose optical fibers (11). In this case, central cavities (6) with a content of between 1 and 16 optical fibers (11 l.
    A fiber optic cable (11) is the physical medium that carries optical data signals from
    20 a light source connected at one end of the fiber optic cable (11) to a receiving device at the other end.
    A fiber optic cable (11) includes a fiber optic core (13) that is a single continuous filament of glass or silica-based plastic, or halogen glass that is usually
    25 high purity silica glass, measured by the size of its outer diameter (in microns), for example, can have an outer diameter of approximately 10 IJm, 50 IJm or 62.51Jm
    A first layer is the coating (14) that concentrically surrounds the fiber optic core (13), it is also made of a silica-based plastic or glass material. This
    The first coating (14) has a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the fiber optic core (13), this difference between the refractive index of the liner (14) and the refractive index of the fiber optic core (13 ) allows an optical signal that is transmitted through fiber optic (11) to be confined to the fiber optic core (13). The coating (14) can have, for example, an external diameter of approximately 125 IJm a
    35 250 ~ m.
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    A second layer is the covering (15) that surrounds and is immediately adjacent to the
    coating (14). This second layer has a refractive index equal to or less than the refractive index of the coating (14). The coating (15) can have, for example, an external diameter approximately 250 IJm, 500 IJm or 900 IJm (generally in the range of 0.7 to 1 mm and can reach 1.2 mm). The coating (15) can be, for example, a thermoplastic polymer (preferably it is a composite material based on reinforced polymer fibers).
    Figures 7, 8 and 9 show three optical fibers (11) provided, with variations in the size of the core, this being of three different sizes, 9 IJm, 50 IJm and 62.5 IJm, a coating of 125 IJm and a second layer of 250 IJm.
    Figure 16 shows that the optical fiber (11) can have a third protective layer (16) that completes it alternatively or optionally with respect to the coating (15), being able to be a loose tube. This third protective layer (16) is normally formed by a thermoplastic polymer compound. In addition, the layer of
    protection (16) may be formed by an anti-adhesive material in order to allow a sliding in the tube of smaller diameter. The anti-adhesive material may be, for example, a polyamide (PA), polyester (PES), polyether sulfone (PSU), polyether ketone (PEK) or polyether imide (PEI) material.
    Figure 11 shows different configurations of loose tubes (18) containing between 3 and 16 loose tubes (18). And Figure 12 shows different configurations of the inside of loose tubes (18) in terms of optical fibers (11), and may contain between 1 and 16 optical fibers (11) or more. The loose tubes (18) are normally composed of a thermoplastic polymer.
    A bundle of optical fibers (12) may contain, for example, between 3 and 16 optical fibers. Each optical fiber bundle (12) includes a binder element (17) that surrounds the optical fibers to hold them together in the bundle, it can be a binder or bonding wire, a thin layer such as a tape or a polymeric film, or the like surrounding the optical fibers (11). Agglutination maintains the shape and diameter of the fiber optic beam
    (12) and inhibits entanglement with filler or reinforcement elements (21).
    The polymer film is generally quite thin, approximately between 1 and 10 thousandth of an inch, it is formed of polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate, which has
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    a thickness of approximately 1 mm, it can be an MVLAR® film and have different
    colors to identify different bundle bundles (12).
    By way of example, the binder thread (17) can be a synthetic thread formed of polyester, rayon, nylon or the like, which is resistant or impermeable to bacterial decomposition that would create hydrogen causing undesirable increases in the attenuation of the signals transmitted through of optical fibers (11).
    The binder thread may be pre-shrunk, it has about 2 to 6 turns per inch, preferably about 4 turns per inch, normally hugs a bundle of optical fibers (12) helically with a pitch between 10 mm and 70 mm, preferably about 50 mm, to facilitate the manufacture of the optical fiber beam (12).
    It can be formed by a pair of binder threads, a shuttle thread and a needle thread, which alternately pass back and forth over the upper part of the fiber bundle
    optics (12), while the other thread alternately passes back and forth under the lower part of the optical fiber bundle (12). It is sometimes called a zigzag binder.
    The binder thread of an advantageous embodiment includes a silicone wax emulsion finish that facilitates the process of screwing the binder thread. Binding of the binder wire can also be designed to include a super-absorbent polymer in order to reduce or prevent water migration through the fiber optic cable (11).
    The binder thread may include an identification mark or a color, in order to differentiate and distinguish a bundle of optical fibers (12) from another.
    Figure 13 shows different configurations of optical fiber bundles (12) containing between 3 and 16 optical fibers. and Figure 14 shows different configurations of the interior of the central cavity (6) in terms of groups of optical fiber bundles (12). For example, the central cavity (6) may contain three bundles (12) of twelve optical fibers (11) for a cable with a total of 36 optical fibers (11); the interior of the central cavity (6) may contain six bundles (12) of twelve optical fibers (12) for a cable with a total of 72 optical fibers (11); the interior of the central cavity (6) may contain twelve beams (12) of twelve optical fibers (11) for a cable with a total of 144 optical fibers (11); for example the
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    The composition may be formed by a first layer that has three helically braided beams (12), a second layer that has nine beams (12) screwed counter-helically around the first layer and helically filled or reinforcement elements (21) coiled around The second layer Including more bundles of optical fibers (12), the smart cable (1) may have an even greater number of optical fibers (11), such as 256 optical fibers (11) or more.
    In other configurations, the beams (12) can be wound or twisted around a central member (19) which can be a beam (12) or a filler element (21), for example, aramid wires, a plastic reinforced with glass, or fiberglass threads. In addition, a filler rod (20), or other suitable passive filler element (20), can be used instead of a bundle of optical fibers (12) to form the optical fiber cable (11). Thus, the contents of the central cavity (6) may contain 1 to 256 optical fibers (11) as more common forms.
    Around the fiber optic cable (11), the fiber optic cables (11), the loose tube
    (18) Or of loose tubes (18) containing one or more optical fibers (11), of the beam (12)
    or of the optical fiber bundles (12), may or may have a separation layer with the smaller diameter tube (3) formed by filler or reinforcement elements (21) such as an aramid yarns, or fiber threads of glass, a water blocking tape. The filler or reinforcement elements (21) provide tensile strength of fiber optic cable (11) and can be aramid wires such as Kevlar®, Zylon®, Vectran®, Technora®, or Spectra®. The separation layer can be formed from other, non-polymeric materials, such as a water inflatable tape in order to increase the water resistance of fiber optic cable (11). Even so, the tensile strength of carbon nanotube fibers (8) means that in most cases these reinforcement elements (21) are not necessary, giving more value to the invention.
    By suppressing the protective layer fitted around the optical fiber bundles (12), the diameter of the smart cable (1) can be advantageously reduced. For example, a content of 144 optical fibers (11) has a diameter of approximately 10 mm or less. Configurations that include fiber optic beams (12) with an adjusted protection layer generally increase the diameter of the cable with a corresponding decrease in fiber optic density (11). Thus, a content of 144 optical fibers (11) after having a tight protection in the optical fibers (11) has a diameter of approximately 20 mm or less, while a construction
     11-28-2016
    Conventional has a diameter of approximately 30 mm.
    To help identify the optical fibers (11) of each beam (12) they can have different colors.
    The fiber optic cable (11) and loose tubes (18) can also include an optional opening cord to facilitate the removal of the cable cover.
    The fiber optic cables (11) of the present invention may include lubricants that allow the optical fiber bundles (12) and the optical fibers (11) to move relative to each other, for example, during bending to improve the optical performance
    Applying the details described above, significant embodiments are established in Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. Figure 15 shows an embodiment of the present invention, where the smart cable (1)
    It is composed of carbon nanotube fibers (8), in three equal perimeter cavities (5), and an optical fiber cable (11) in the central cavity (6).
    Figure 16 details another embodiment of the present invention, where the intelligent cable (1) is composed of carbon nanotube fibers (8), in two equal perimeter cavities (5), and by an optical fiber cable (11) with a third protective layer that is a loose tube, in the central cavity (6).
    Figure 17 details another embodiment of the present invention, where the intelligent cable (1) is composed of carbon nanotube fibers (8), in three equal perimeter cavities (5), and by eight fiber optic cables (11) in the central cavity (6).
    Figure 18 shows another embodiment of the present invention, where the smart cable (1)
    30 is composed of carbon nanotube fibers (8), in three equal perimeter cavities (5), and seven loose tubes containing eight optical fibers (11) each in the central cavity (6).
    Finally, Figure 19 represents another embodiment of the present invention, where the intelligent cable (1) is composed of carbon nanotube fibers (8), in three equal perimeter cavities (5), and fifteen bundles of optical fibers (12 ) containing seven fibers
     11-28-2016
    optical (11) each in the central cavity (6).
    The installation of smart cables (1), according to the invention, is as simple as the installation of electric cables and can be done quickly by a single technician in
    5 interiors The characteristics and advantages of the smart cable (1) make it especially suitable for the use of domestic wiring, technical rooms, vertical wiring buildings, pipes or poles.
    According to the invention, some of the outstanding advantages of the smart cable (1) are:
    10 flexibility, making possible any type of installation, in fact the most rigid element is the structure (7) which, having a reduced diameter, and by mechanical principles, the stiffness effect is minimized; the compressive strength, the structure (7) in addition to the properties depending on the material that forms it, has a morphology that causes the cable to resist compression over conventional cables; the lightness, the
    15 carbon nanotubes weigh about six times less than copper, so we have a very light electric power cable; tensile strength, resists tensile forces without damaging the flexibility of the cable, carbon nanotubes have as one of their important characteristics a great tensile strength away from the smart cable; It is compact, being able to transport any type of energy, AC / DC and data, without
    20 no additional item. The smart cable is a data transmitter cable, electrically powered and energy transporter.
    This description of the invention has been made to better explain its principles and practical applications and is not intended to be exhaustive or limit disclosure to systems,
    25 methods and forms described in this document, thus allowing other experts in the field to make and use the invention in its various forms and with its various modifications appropriate to the particular uses, applications, variants and characteristics contemplated, without departing from the spirit and Scope of the invention and the following claims.
     11-28-2016
    权利要求:
    Claims (33)
    [1]
    1. Smart cable (1) of carbon nanotube fibers (8) and optical fibers (11) comprising:
    A polymeric structure (7), insulating, flexible and resistant to compression. Formed by two tubes, one of greater diameter (2) and another of smaller diameter (3), concentric and separated, which constitute two cavities:
    10 a perimeter (5), located between the larger diameter tube (2) and the smaller diameter tube (3). It can be divided into parts by polymeric elements (4) of the same nature as the tubes, to which they attach and fix. These elements (4) have a radial arrangement with respect to the axis of the cable, a thickness similar to
    The tubes extend continuously over the entire length of the cable and form 15 independent perimeter cavities (5). a central (6), inside the smaller diameter tube (3);
    The cavity or perimeter cavities (5) that are occupied by fibers (8) formed by carbon nanotubes (9) or by nano-materials derived from carbon or graphene. These fibers (8) are densely packed, extend along the length of the cable (1) and are covered by the two tubes of the structure
    polymeric (7) in a homogeneous way. They function as an electrical conductor and provide tensile strength to the cable.
    25 The central cavity (6) which is occupied by an optical fiber (11), several loose optical fibers (11), a loose tube (18) or several loose tubes (18) containing one or more optical fibers (11), a beam (12) or several beams (12) of optical fibers
    (eleven). It works as a data transmitter.
    30 Each optical fiber (11) includes:
    a fiber optic core (13) formed by a continuous filament of glass or
    high purity silica or halogen based plastic with an outside diameter
    less than 100 microns. 35 a coating (14) that wraps the core (13) of a plastic or glass material based on silica or halogen. This coating (14) has an impact of
     11-28-2016
    refraction smaller than that of the core (13) allowing an optical signal to be
    transmit a polymeric coating (15) around the core (13) with an outer diameter of less than 300 microns that surrounds the liner (14) tightly or loosely with a refractive index equal to or less than that of the liner (14) with a outer diameter less than 1 millimeter.
    The loose tube (18) or the loose tubes (18) are formed by a thermoplastic polymer and contain one or more optical fibers (11) inside.
    The beam (12) or bundles (12) of optical fibers (11). It comprises a plurality of optical fibers (11) and a binder element (17). The binder element (17) is a binding or bonding wire, a ligation wire, a thin film or a soft shell, which surrounds and maintains the arrangement, shape and diameter of the plurality of optical fibers <1 1) in said beam (12) or beams (12).
    [2]
    2. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the perimeter cavity
    (5) is divided, by two polymeric elements (4) separated by an angle of 180 °, into two parts. In this way the carbon nanotube fibers (8) are separated and isolated in two equal and independent groups.
    [3]
    3. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the perimeter cavity
    (5) is divided by three polymeric elements (4) separated by an angle of 1200, in
    three parts. In this way the carbon nanotube fibers (8) are separated and isolated in three equal and independent groups.
    [4]
    4. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the perimeter cavity
    (5) is divided by four polymeric elements (4) separated by an angle of 900, in
    four parts. In this way the carbon nanotube fibers (8) are separated and isolated in four equal and independent groups.
    [5]
    5. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the perimeter cavity
    (5) is divided, by two or more polymeric elements (4) separated by a different or equal angle, into several parts. In this way the carbon nanotube fibers (8) are separated and isolated in two or more independent groups.
    [6]
    6. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, wherein the outer tube (2), ie the tube of
     11-28-2016
    larger diameter (2) of the polymeric structure (7), has a longitudinal cord of the same material, integrated, forming a whole with the structure (7) and protruding from the surface of the tube (2) as a prolongation of one of the polymeric elements in radial arrangement (4), in order to locate each perimeter cavity (5) to perform with precision
    5 splices and connections.
    [7]
    7. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, wherein at least one element of which the polymeric structure (7) forms, includes additives in its composition that improve flame resistance.
    [8]
    8. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, wherein the outer tube (2), that is to say the tube of greater diameter (2) of the polymeric structure (7), is wrapped by a flame retardant sheath or by a flame retardant coating.
    The smart cable (1) of claim 1, wherein the inner tube (3), that is the smaller diameter tube (3) of the polymer structure (7), is wrapped by a fireproof sheath or a
    flame retardant coating.
    [10]
    10. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, wherein the perimeter cavity or central cavities 20 (5) and central (6) of the polymer structure (7), have a flame retardant coating.
    [11 ]
    eleven . The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, wherein the polymer structure (7) is flame retardant.
    The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) include a binder material that fixes the position of these (8) and prevents moisture penetration
    [13]
    13. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the fibers of
    30 carbon nanotubes (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) have a coating to improve performance and efficiency, admitting a greater electric current.
    [14]
    14. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the fibers of
    35 carbon nanotubes (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) are 10 to 4000 micrometers in diameter and a density of 50-100%.
     11-28-2016
    [15]
    fifteen. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that each perimeter cavity (5) in addition to containing the carbon nanotube fibers (8), includes an opening wire or cord (22).
    [16]
    16. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes (9) of the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) are formed by a single wall (SWNT).
    17. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes (9) of the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) are formed by double wall (DWNT ).
    [18]
    18. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the nanotubes of
    Carbon (9) of the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) are formed by multiple carbon walls (MWNT).
    [19]
    19. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the nanotubes of
    Carbon (9) of the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the perimeter cavity or cavities (5) have at least an electrical conductivity of 104 Slcm.
    [20]
    20. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes (9) of the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) have at least an electrical conductivity of 105 Slcm.
    [21 ]
    twenty-one . The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the carbon nanotubes (9) of the carbon nanotube fibers (8) that fill the cavity or perimeter cavities (5) have at least an electrical conductivity of 106 Slcm.
    22. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that each optical fiber (11) of the contents of the central cavity (6) also contains a third polymeric protection layer (16) that envelops the coating (15) loosely or tightly, with an outside diameter of less than 2 millimeters.
    23. The cable of claim 24, wherein the polymeric layer (16) is formed of an anti-adhesive material to allow sliding inside the diameter tube
     11-28-2016
    minor (3) of the polymer structure (7).
    [24]
    24. The intelligent cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the central cavity (6) is formed by at least one beam of optical fibers (12), wherein the
    5 binder element (17) is composed of a shuttle thread and a needle threadthat cooperate to surround and maintain the layout, shape and diameter of the plurality offiber fibers (11) of each beam (12).
    [25]
    25. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is formed by at least one bundle of optical fibers (12), where the binder thread includes a silicone wax emulsion finish that facilitates screwing the plurality of fibers (11) of each beam (12). ).
    [26]
    26. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is formed by at least one bundle of optical fibers (12), where the binder thread includes an absorbent polymer that prevents water circulation through the
    central cavity (6).
    [27]
    27. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is formed by at least one bundle of optical fibers (12), where the binder element (17) is a very thin polymer film.
    [28]
    28. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the central cavity (6) is formed by at least one beam of optical fibers (12), wherein the
    The binder element (17) includes a grease, or a fat-like composition, which is in contact with said beam or bundles (12) to fill the interstices of the cavity (6), thus preventing water from flowing through she (6).
    [29]
    29. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is composed of 1 to 16 loose tubes (18) where each of these loose tubes (18) contains 1 to 16 optical fibers (11).
    [30]
    30. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    Central cavity (6) is composed of more than 16 loose tubes (18) where each of these 35 loose tubes (18) contains more than 16 optical fibers (11) or more.
     11-28-2016
    [31 ]
    31. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    central cavity (6) is composed of 1 to 16 beams (12) where each of these beams
    (12) consists of 1 to 16 optical fibers (11).
    5 32. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of thecentral cavity (6) is composed of more than 16 beams (12) where each of theseBeams (12) consists of 1 to 16 optical fibers (11) or more.
    [33]
    33. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is formed by at least one loose tube (18) with a content of at least one optical fiber (11), where the loose tube (18) or loose tubes (18) surround a central member (19 ) or central filling element (19).
    [34]
    34. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    15 central cavity (6) is formed by at least one beam of optical fibers (12), where the beam or beams (12) are wound around a central member (19) or central element of
    filling (19).
    [35]
    35. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    20 central cavity (6) is formed by at least one loose tube (18) with a content of at least one optical fiber (11) and at least one passive (20) or filler element that replaces one or more loose tubes ( 18).
    [36]
    36. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is formed by at least one beam of optical fibers (12) and at least one passive (20) or filler element that replaces one or more bundles of optical fibers (12).
    [37]
    37. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the central cavity (6) is formed by at least one loose tube (18) with a content of at
    30 minus an optical fiber (11), which includes a shielding or separation layer, between the smaller diameter tube (3) and the loose tube (18) or loose tubes (18), formed by filling or reinforcement elements (21 ) to adjust the contents of the smaller diameter tube (3) and prevent the passage of water.
    The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the central cavity (6) is formed by at least one bundle of optical fibers (12), which includes a
     11-28-2016
    shielding or separation layer, between the tube of smaller diameter (3) and the beam or beams (12), formed by filling or reinforcement elements (21) to adjust the content of the tube of smaller diameter (3) and prevent passage of the water.
    The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of thecentral cavity (6) is formed by at least one loose tube (18) with a content of atless an optical fiber (11), where each loose tube (18) includes a thread or cord ofopening.
    The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the central cavity (6) includes an opening wire or cord inside to facilitate its opening.
    [41]
    41. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    The central cavity (6) is formed by at least one loose tube (18) with a content of at least one optical fiber (11). which includes lubricants that allow the movement of the optical fibers (11) inside the loose tubes (18) or inside the central cavity (6).
    [42]
    42. The smart cable (1) of claim 1, characterized in that the content of the
    20 central cavity (6) is formed by at least one beam of optical fibers (12), which includes lubricants that allow the movement of the optical fibers (11) inside the beams
    (12) or inside the central cavity (6).
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    IT201900000253A1|2019-01-09|2020-07-09|Prysmian Spa|COMPOSITE TAPE CABLE WITH OPTICAL FIBERS AND CARBON NANOTUBE WIRES|US7589880B2|2005-08-24|2009-09-15|The Trustees Of Boston College|Apparatus and methods for manipulating light using nanoscale cometal structures|
    US8018563B2|2007-04-20|2011-09-13|Cambrios Technologies Corporation|Composite transparent conductors and methods of forming the same|
    US9086523B2|2012-05-29|2015-07-21|The Boeing Company|Nanotube signal transmission system|
    WO2015171111A1|2014-05-05|2015-11-12|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.|Hybrid fiber optic and graphene cable|
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